A Tokana Reference Grammar

by

Matt Pearson


Table of Contents

Preface

0. Introduction

1. Phonology

1.1. The sounds of Tokana

1.2. Syllable structure and stress

1.3. Phonological rules

2. The noun phrase

2.1. Determiners

2.1.1. Independent determiners and the five cases

2.1.2. Clitic determiners

2.1.3. Spatial and discourse demonstratives

2.2. Noun morphology

2.2.1. Number marking on nouns

2.2.2. Reduplication

2.2.3. The diminutive and augmentative prefixes

2.2.4. Case marking on nouns

2.3. Noun compounds

2.4. Relative clauses

2.5. Subclasses of nouns

2.5.1. Interrogative/indefinite operators

2.5.2. Quantifiers

2.5.3. Numerals

2.5.4. Spatial nouns

3. The verb phrase

3.1. Negation

3.2. Tense/aspect

3.3. Order (clause type)

3.3.1. The dependent order: Indicative and subjunctive

3.3.2. The resultative order

3.4. Imperatives

3.5. A sample verb paradigm

3.6. Additional inflectional morphology

3.6.1. Modal and aspectual suffixes

3.6.2. Reflexive and arbitrary subject verbs

3.6.3. The relative form (marking comparison)

3.6.4. The focus marker

3.7. Defective and irregular verbs

3.7.1. Imperatives and optatives

3.7.2. Main clause subjunctives and conditionals

3.7.3. He and nià

3.8. Argument structure and case marking

3.8.1. Zero argument verbs

3.8.2. Intransitive verbs

3.8.3. Transitive verbs

3.8.4. Auxiliaries

3.8.5. Causative verbs

3.8.6. Ditransitive verbs

3.8.7. Transitivity alternations and the prefix iok-

3.9. Derivational morphology

3.9.1. Gerunds

3.9.2. Participles (nominalisations)

3.9.3. Nominal predicates

3.10. Degree words

4. Adjuncts and complex phrases

4.1. Prepositional phrases

4.1.1. Prepositions taking nominal complements

4.1.2. Prepositions taking clausal complements

4.2. Conditionals (if/when clauses)

4.3. Temporal adverbials

4.4. Complex phrases and clauses

4.4.1. Coordination

4.4.2. Ellipsis

5. Word order and sentential particles

5.1.Word order in main clauses

5.1.1. Word order in the verb phrase

5.1.2. The focus position

5.1.3. The operator position

5.1.4. The topic field

5.1.5. The left-dislocation position

5.2. Dependent clauses and topic raising

5.3. Ellipsis in embedded clauses

5.4. Particles

5.4.1. Discourse particles

5.4.2. The question particle

5.4.3. Evidential particles

5.4.4. Focus particles

5.4.5. The vocative/quotative particle

 

 

Hosted by uCoz